Laurea Magistrale in Medicina e Chirurgia - sede di Torino

Dermatology: The aim of the teaching is to provide the student with the basic notions on the educational and information level of the main skin and venereal pathologies.
For this purpose, the lessons discuss the various dermatoses of parasitic, bacterial, fungal, viral, inflammatory and autoimmune origin, considering their etiology, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, complications and therapy.
The main adverse drug reactions affecting the skin and mucous membranes as well as the main skin and mucous membrane neoplasms are treated.
Finally, sexually transmitted diseases are illustrated with particular attention to their transmission and related diagnostic procedures.

Clinical microbiology

Basic principles of microbiological diagnostics and clinics.

Dermatology: At the end of the course the student will have to:
Be able to know the methodology of diagnosis of skin pathologies and orient yourself in the field of differential diagnostics;
Know the main skin diseases;
Know the main therapeutic options for the most frequent skin pathologies

Clinical Microbiology. At the end of the course the student must know the principles of diagnostics and clinics in microbiology, with particular regard to diagnostic methods and biological specimens.

Dermatology: 

Pathologies caused by microorganisms: parasitosis, virosis, mycosis, bacteriosis, sexually transmitted diseases
Acne, rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis
Inflammatory/immune-mediated disorders: psoriasis, eczema, lichen, pemphigus and pemphigoids, drug-induced skin reactions, urticaria and vasculitis, connective tissue disorders
Oncodermatology: nevi and melanoma, non-melanoma skin cancer, other skin neoplasms, cutaneous lymphomas
Biopsies and dermatological surgery
Dermoscopy

Principles of diagnostics. Activity of Microbiology laboratory; evaluation of a diagnostic test (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value); direct and indirect diagnosis; microscopy; staining for microrganisms; culture of microrganisms; method for microrganism identification; antibiogram; antigen detection; molecular techniques; virological diagnosis; fungi diagnosis; parasite diagnosis; serological techniques (antibody detection); criteria for serological diagnosis; specific cellular immune response.

Biological specimens. Normally sterile body sites; body sites with normally resident microflora; sampling; specimens of upper and lower respiratory tract; stool culture and rectal swab; urine culture; genital tract specimens; cerebrospinal fluid; blood culture; miscellaneous specimens (wounds, abscesses, exudates, cavitary effusions and fluids).

Antimicrobial stewardship and antibiotic resistance. Definition of antimicrobial stewardship; antibiotic resistance; natural and acquired resistance; antibogram: methods and interpretation; multiresistant microrganisms; methods for evaluation of antibiotic resistance; surveillance of infections and resistances.

Sepsis and blood stream infections. Principles; entry into blood stream; definition of bacteraemia, sepsis, septic shock, SIRS; etiological agents of sepsis; blood culture; catheter-associated and catheter-related infections, diagnostic methods with or without catheter removal; non-culture methods (molecular techniques, Maldi-Tof).

The teaching program of the Integrated Course is divided into:

• Frontal teaching with mandatory attendance (dermatology: 24 hours, clinical microbiology: 8 hours of lessons divided into 4 lessons of 2 hours each on the topics of the program, infectious diseases: 24 hours)
• Elective educational activities chosen by the student

Dermatology. The Dermatology course is divided into 12 lessons of 2 hours each for a total of 24 hours of frontal teaching lessons in presence with mandatory attendance carried out with the support of slides with teacher/student interaction.
The course will examine the skin pathologies covered by the program, dividing them into three groups (infectious, inflammatory and oncological pathologies) with particular attention to the clinical and diagnostic aspects, together with recent acquisitions in the therapeutic field.
Many slides will be dedicated to the presentation of the skin lesions and the morphology and topography of the lesions which constitute the basis for the diagnostic methodology.
The educational offer will be completed by elective educational activities chosen by the student.

Clinical Microbiology. Course of 8 hours (4 lessons, 2 hours each) on program arguments. Teaching material available as slides and commentaries.

The final exam of the Integrated Course will be developed IN PRESENCE with the following modalities:

- Microbiology: written test

- Infectious Diseases and Dermatology: oral exam

It is possible to take only part of the subjects in an exam, however it has been decided to keep the grades of the individual courses valid exclusively for the two dates of each exam (June/July; September/October; January/February), while as regards the Christmas and Easter sessions, all tests will be carried out in the same session

As regards the final grade, it will be formulated in consideration of the grades of the individual courses using a conversion factor of 1.5 for the grades of dermatology and infectious diseases compared to microbiology in consideration of the different value of CFU, without prejudice however to the fact that an insufficient grade in one of the courses will preclude passing the entire exam.

Herein, specific information about the respective courses are given: 

Microbiology: The microbiology test will be inserted directly on the portal, students will have to register for both the microbiology test and the general exam if they wish to take all the tests. The written exam consists of 8 questions with 4 possible answers each and will be carried out on the Moodle computer system. (possibility of one or more correct answers depending on each individual question). The final score based on the answers given is processed by the Moodle system with a maximum of 30 honors. Specific instructions will be sent via email to candidates before the exam.

Dermatology: The dermatology teaching exam is based on an oral test which will focus on the topics presented in class with questions covering the different areas of dermatology (microorganism-related, immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, oncology). Particular attention will be dedicated to the clinical skin presentation of the pathologies being examined.  During the exam, the candidate may also be shown a photograph of a patient with a skin disease and asked to describe the lesions and discuss possible diagnoses and clinical management.

Dermatology: Free internship activities and visits to patients are planned to be defined with the teachers

Clinical microbiology. Possibility of internship and stage at the laboratory.